SJEE

Cheetah Optimization Algorithm for Simultaneous Optimal Network Reconfiguration and Allocation of DG and DSTATCOM with Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Arvind Pratap — 2024-03-15

The potential of Electric Vehicles (EVs) to decarbonize the transportation industry has attracted a lot of attention in recent years in response to growing environmental concerns. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs) need to be properly located for widespread EV integration. The distribution system is facing additional challenges due to inclusion of EVCS. The adverse impacts of EVCS on the Radial Distribution Network (RDN) may be minimized using Distributed Generations (DGs) or Distribution Static Compensators (DSTATCOMs) or by reconfiguring the network. This paper uses a novel optimization technique to solve the problem of simultaneous optimal placement of EVCS with network reconfiguration and optimal planning (siting and sizing) of DGs and DSTATCOMs. The multiple objective functions are considered in order to minimize the active power losses, the voltage deviation, the investment costs for DGs and DSTATCOMs, and to increase the voltage stability of the system. A novel meta-heuristic Cheetah Optimization Algorithm (COA) is used to solve the optimization problem. To examine the effectiveness of the suggested strategy on 33-bus and 136-bus networks, several scenarios of simultaneous incorporation of EVCS, DG, and DSTATCOM installations with network reconfiguration are taken into consideration. The COA results are also compared to the results of grey wolf optimization and genetic algorithms.

Application of Power Electronic Switch in a Vacuum Installation

Ruslan Ivanov — 2024-03-15

This article proposes an original method of implementing a power electronic semiconductor switch using a technological process based on metal processing in a vacuum furnace. We give schematic diagrams of the power part and the control system, and oscillograms for their operation. Results from a practical application and experimental research on the operation of the vacuum installation are presented, and the variation in the glow discharge current with and without operation of the power electronic switch is explored. Photographs showing the details of the machining with and without the power electronic switch are included to demonstrate the effective operation of the proposed schematic solution.

Intelligent and Metaheuristic Task Scheduling for Cloud using Black Widow Optimization Algorithm

Sadhana Selvakumar — 2024-03-15

Cloud computing is an internet-based infrastructure for services such as computations, storage, etc., hosted on physical machines. The machines on cloud infrastructure scales between a few tens to thousands of machines that are linked in an unstructured way. In cloud computing, minimizing energy consumption and its associated costs is the primary goal while preserving efficiency and performance. It progresses the system’s overall productivity, reliability, and availability. Furthermore, reducing energy use not only lowers energy expenses but also helps to safeguard our natural environment by lowering carbon emissions. The objective of our proposed work is to reduce energy usage in the cloud environment and enhance its performance. We propose a hybrid approach that incorporates an energy-aware self-governing task scheduler, namely, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and a metaheuristic Black Widow Optimization (BWO) algorithm to solve the optimization issues. Our suggested task scheduler focuses on minimizing energy consumption, improving the makespan, and reducing the operating cost while keeping a low number of active cloud racks. The cloud environment is highly scalable in this scenario since we adopt a metaheuristic BWO algorithm. CloudSim simulation framework is used for implementation and experimental analysis.

Realization of Different-Shaped Electromagnetic Band Gap Antennas for Wi-Fi Applications

Bantupalli Premalatha — 2024-03-15

The primary objective of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of diverse Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) antennas in terms of their suitability for Wi-Fi applications operating at 5 GHz. Wi-Fi primarily operates within the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, with the 5 GHz band offering higher data rates and reduced interference compared to the 2.4 GHz band. Furthermore, its larger number of available channels makes it an optimal choice for environments with high user density. The antennas in this study are designed with dimensions of 28.11x32.40x1.6 mm³ (length x width x height) using RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, which has a thickness of 1.6 mm and a relative permittivity (εr) of 2.2. The integration of Electromagnetic Band Gap structures in antenna designs has gained substantial attention due to their unique properties that enhance antenna performance characteristics. The paper presents sixteen distinct EBG antennas, all designed using CST software. These antennas incorporate various EBG shapes, such as Fork, L-shape, C-shape, Hash, and Z-shape, positioned on a rectangular patch and in the ground plane. The study's results reveal that the Hash EBG on the patch offers superior performance compared to other EBG types. As a result, the Hash EBG on the patch, alongside various Z-shaped EBGs on the ground plane, is assessed for different antenna performance parameters, including return loss, radiation patterns, and gain. Finally, a diagonal Z-shaped EBG antenna is designed, simulated, and tested. The antenna return loss at 5.2GHz is –48 dB The proposed antenna achieved a peak gain of 7.3 dB at 5.2GHz. The proposed antenna exhibits omnidirectional properties. The antenna shows an efficiency of 90% at the resonant frequency. The experimentally measured results of the designed diagonal EBG antenna have shown satisfactory agreement and are consistent with the simulated results. The findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of EBG antennas potential for Wi-Fi applications in the 5 GHz frequency band.

Fast Eye Centre Localization Using Combined Unsupervised Technics

Saliha Berrached — 2024-03-15

Eye movements offer precious information about persons’ state. Video surveillance, marketing, driver fatigue as well as medical diagnosis assistance applications manage eye behavior. We propose a new method for efficiently detecting eye movement. In this paper, we combine circle eye model with eye feature method to improve the accuracy. A set of detectors estimate the eyes centers to increase the localization rate. As a pre-processing stage, the mean of the edges yields the center of the two eye regions. Image treatment operations reduce the ROI. A Circle Hough Transform (CHT) algorithm is adopted in a modified version as a detector to find the circle eye in the image; the circle center found represents the eye's pupil estimation. We introduced the Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) as a second detector, which has never been used for eye localization. Invariant to continuous geometric transformations and affine intensity changes and detected at several scales, MSERs efficiently detect regions of interest, in our case eye regions, and precisely, their centers. Ellipses fit MSERs, and their centroid estimation match eyes center. We demonstrate that the true eye centers can be found by combining these methods. The validation of the proposed method is performed on a very challenging BioID base. The proposed approach compares well with existing state-of-the-art techniques and achieves an accuracy of 82.53% on the BioID database when the normalized error is less than 0.05, without prior knowledge or any learning model.

The Impact of the Non-Gaussian Measurement Noise on the Performance of State-of-the-Art State Estimators for Distribution Systems

Stefan Čubonović — 2024-03-15

This paper aims to investigate the impact of non-Gaussian measurement noise on state estimation (SE) results in distribution systems. To this end, the measurement noise is assumed to be distributed according to Gaussian or one of the following non-Gaussian probability distribution functions: Uniform, Laplace, Weibull and Gaussian mixture of two Gaussian components. The influence is investigated on three different state-of-the-art SE methods: weighted least squares (WLS) based static SE method, and two Kalman filter based forecasting-aided SE methods, namely extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Analyses are conducted on modified IEEE 37-bus system under different operating conditions, including quasi-steady state, sudden state changes and bad data. Performance of the methods in the presence of non-Gaussian measurement noise is compared against their performance when measurement noise is Gaussian distributed. The main conclusions were drawn, summarizing the impacts nonGaussian measurement noise has on SE and proposing the solutions for overcoming some of the negative impacts.

Assessing SAR1g Distribution in the Human Head During Hands-Free Mobile Phone Usage

Uglješa Jovanović — 2024-03-15

This paper explores the distribution pattern of SAR1g within the adult male head during utilization of hands-free operation of contemporary mobile phones as a source of electromagnetic radiation. The research assesses the optimal positioning of the mobile phone by examining three distinct orientations to determine the minimal SAR1g distribution compared to the conventional talking position when hands-free feature is not utilized. The analysis encompasses GSM bands operating at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, depending on the alignment between the mobile phone and the head.

Capacity Performance of Uplink NOMA System with 2K+1 Users over Fisher-Snedecor Composite Fading Channels

Aleksandra Panajotović — 2024-03-15

In this paper, we study an uplink power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) system, in which 2K+1 users are served. The user clustering process based on High-High/High-Low algorithm precedes the utilization of the data-rate based power allocation algorithm. Channels are characterized by Fisher-Snedecor composite fading model interpreted as model with a high level of generality. The influence of different fading/shadowing channel conditions, number of users and their positions is portrayed through the numerical results of data sum rate of the studied PD-NOMA system.