Numerically Enhanced Perturb-and-Observe Approach for Power Optimization in Wind Energy Systems

Abstract

Modern power systems are facing increasing demands for decarbonization and a higher share of renewable energy sources, with wind energy systems playing an important role. However, the variable nature of wind complicates the stable and efficient operation of these systems, making the application of effective Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms essential. Among the most commonly used methods is the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, characterized by its simplicity but limited by oscillations around the maximum power point and reduced efficiency under rapid wind speed variations. In this paper, a numerically enhanced P&O strategy with a variable perturbation step size based on different numerical approximations of the power–voltage (P-V) curve is proposed. The algorithm is applied to a wind energy conversion system with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and tested in the MATLAB/Simulink environment under various operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides faster dynamic response and higher generated energy values compared to the conventional P&O algorithm.